City of Houston

City of Houston Health Department


CONFIDENTIALITY:
I understand that the information that I provide will be treated as confidential in accordance with Vernon's Statutes, Code of Public Health Section 81.046 which does not allow the sharing of STD case follow-up information to any party outside the public health team with a need to know. STD information cannot be made public upon subpoena or otherwise except in the cases involving minors under the age of 13, or if the information provided suggests child abuse.

 

Chylamydia

What is Chlamydia?


  • • Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis
  • • serious complications can cause irreversible damage, including infertility
  • • Chlamydial infection of the cervix can spread to the rectum.

What are the symptoms of Chlamydia?


Chlamydia is known as a "silent" disease because about three quarters of infected women and about half of infected men have no symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they usually appear within 1 to 3 weeks after exposure. Chlamydia also can cause discharge from the penis of an infected man and can damage a woman's reproductive organs.

In women, the bacteria initially infect the cervix and the urethra (urine canal).

Women who have symptoms might have:

  • • an abnormal vaginal discharge or a burning sensation when urinating
  • • lower abdominal pain
  • • low back pain
  • • nausea
  • • fever
  • • pain during intercourse
  • • bleeding between menstrual periods


Men with signs or symptoms might have:

  • • a discharge from their penis
  • • burning sensation when urinating
  • • burning and itching around the opening of the penis
  • • Pain and swelling in the testicles are uncommon

How common is Chlamydia?



  • • Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States
  • • In 2006, 1,030,911 chlamydial infections were reported to CDC from 50 states and the District of Columbia. Under-reporting is substantial because most people with chlamydia are not aware of their infections and do not seek testing.

How do people get Chlamydia?


  • • Chlamydia can be transmitted during vaginal, anal, or oral sex
  • • Passed from mother to baby during vaginal childbirth

Any sexually active person can be infected with chlamydia. The greater the number of sex partner(s), the greater the risk of infection. Because the cervix (opening to the uterus) of teenage girls and young women is not fully matured, they are at particularly high risk for infection if sexually active. Since chlamydia can be transmitted by oral or anal sex, men who have sex with men are also at risk for chlamydial infection.Men or women who have receptive anal intercourse may acquire chlamydial infection in the rectum,which can cause rectal pain,discharge,or bleeding. Chlamydia can also be found in the throats of women and men having oral sex with an infected partner.


What complications can result from untreated chlamydia?

If untreated, chlamydial infections can progress to serious reproductive and other health problems with both short-term and long-term consequences.

      In women:

  • • Can spread into the uterus or fallopian tubes and cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This happens in up to 40 percent of women with untreated chlamydia
  • • PID can cause permanent damage to the fallopian tubes, uterus, and surrounding tissues. The damage can lead to chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the uterus)
  • • Women infected with chlamydia are up to five times more likely to become infected with HIV, if exposed.


    In men:

    • • Complications among men are rare.
    • • Infection sometimes spreads to the epididymis (the tube that carries sperm from the testis), causing pain, fever, and, rarely, sterility.

    To help prevent the serious consequences of chlamydia, screening at least annually for chlamydia is recommended for all sexually active women age 25 years and younger. An annual screening test also is recommended for older women with risk factors for chlamydia (a new sex partner or multiple sex partners). All pregnant women should have a screening test for chlamydia.


    How does Chlamydia affect a pregnant woman and her baby?


    In pregnant women, there is some evidence that untreated chlamydial infections can lead to premature delivery. Babies who are born to infected mothers can get chlamydial infections in their eyes and respiratory tracts. Chlamydia is a leading cause of early infant pneumonia and conjunctivitis (pink eye) in newborns.


    How is Chlamydia diagnosed?

    There are laboratory tests to diagnose chlamydia. Some can be performed on urine, other tests require that a specimen be collected from a site such as the penis or cervix.


    What is the treatment for Chlamydia?


    • • Chlamydia can be easily treated and cured with antibiotics.
    • • A single dose of azithromycin or a week of doxycycline (twice daily) are the most commonly used treatments.
    • • HIV-positive persons with chlamydia should receive the same treatment as those who are HIV negative.

    All sex partner(s) should be evaluated, tested, and treated. Persons with Chlamydia should abstain from sexual intercourse until they and their sex partner(s) have completed treatment, otherwise re-infection is possible.

    Women whose sex partner(s) have not been appropriately treated are at high risk for re-infection. Having multiple infections increases a woman’s risk of serious reproductive health complications, including infertility. Retesting should be considered for women, especially adolescents, three to four months after treatment. This is especially true if a woman does not know if her sex partner received treatment.


    How can Chlamydia be prevented?


    • • The surest way to avoid transmission of STDs is to abstain from sexual contact, or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected
    • • Latex male condoms, when used consistently and correctly, can reduce the risk of transmission of Chlamydia
    • • CDC recommends yearly chlamydia testing of all sexually active women age 25 or younger, older women with risk factors for chlamydial infections (those who have a new sex partner or multiple sex partners), and all pregnant women.
    • • An appropriate sexual risk assessment by a health care provider should always be conducted and may indicate more frequent screening for some women.

    Any genital symptoms such as an unusual sore, discharge with odor, burning during urination, or bleeding between menstrual cycles could mean an STD infection. If a woman has any of these symptoms, she should stop having sex and consult a health care provider immediately. Treating STDs early can prevent PID. Women who are told they have an STD and are treated for it should notify all of their recent sex partners (sex partners within the preceding 60 days) so they can see a health care provider and be evaluated for STDs. Sexual activity should not resume until all sex partners have been examined and, if necessary, treated.

     


 
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